Last week, the Catholic Church lost its faithful pastor and visionary leader. And the world lost its most persuasive champion to end the scourge of capital punishment, wrote Krisanne Vaillancourt Murphy in The Vatican News.
I remember exactly where I was when Pope Francis addressed
the U.S. Congress in September of 2015. I had just deboarded my train arriving
at Penn Station in New York. Standing inside the station and watching the
simulcast, I was transfixed by the live feed, hanging on to the Holy Father’s
every word.
Pope Francis called on Americans to embrace our highest
ideals and to pursue the common good. Yet no line touched me as powerfully as
when he made a specific call to end the death penalty in the United States.
It was a powerful, historic moment. Pope Francis was the
first Pope to formally address Congress, seizing this opportunity to single out
an issue that, for many, still resided within a loophole of disclarity on the
continuum of life issues.
Abolitionists cheered, while supporters of the death penalty
pushed back. This moment was significant in 2015, but it is only now, after
Pope Francis’ passing, that we can fully grasp its importance.
Pope Francis gave Congress, and us, a glimpse into one of
the central tenets of his papacy—prophetic and unequivocal action against the
death penalty, including and especially promoting its abolition in the United
States.
The Catholic Church has long seen the death penalty as
incompatible with the consistent ethic of life. In the United States, the
injustice is compounded by widespread racial bias, grotesque botched
executions, an arbitrary and capricious application, and the reality that
innocent people have been sentenced to death.
It is therefore not surprising that Pope Francis would
challenge Americans to end this unjust practice. As the head of the universal
Church, Pope Francis was also thinking globally. In 2015, global executions
were at a 25-year high. American abolition would send a message to
the international community setting a key precedent for other nations to follow
suit.
Through his congressional address, the Pope sought to
inspire the millions of American Catholics, who comprise 22% of the U.S.
population, to drive this push for abolition. The U.S. Conference of Catholic
Bishops and my organization, Catholic Mobilizing Network, were already working
hard to advance key arguments against the death penalty and break through the
polarization that divides American Catholics.
With countless Catholic public servants in key positions, a
new openness to hearing the moral and practical arguments against the death
penalty could prove decisive.
Following his 2015 visit, and throughout the next
presidential administration, Pope Francis continued to take unparalleled
action. He revised the death penalty section of the Catholic Catechism, the
core teaching of the Catholic Church, calling the practice “inadmissible” in all cases.
The Pope’s adjustment to Church teaching was a natural
progression in line with his predecessors’ efforts to expand the protection of
human life, but it was also bold and absolute, eliminating any ambiguity about
the Church’s position and contributing to real change; four states abolished the
death penalty in four consecutive years—with Catholics playing a central role
in these efforts in New Hampshire and Virginia.
At the same time President Trump reinstated federal
executions in 2020, Pope Francis released his third encyclical, Fratelli
tutti, which included a section decrying the injustice of the death
penalty and calling for its worldwide abolition. The encyclical affirmed the
Catechism revision, placing the full weight of Pope Francis’ teaching authority
behind the Church’s anti-death penalty position.
Furthermore, the Holy Father sent letters to U.S. Presidents and Governors asking them to commute their death rows; he
sent thank-you letters when they did; and he even dedicated a Church-wide month of prayer to the goal of global
abolition.
In this historic Jubilee Year 2025, Pope Francis called
Catholics around the world to “be one in demanding dignified conditions for
those in prison, respect for their human rights and above all the abolition of
the death penalty, a provision at odds with Christian faith and one that
eliminates all hope of forgiveness and rehabilitation.”
And in the final days of the Biden Administration, in his
weekly Angelus on December 8, 2024, Pope Francis stood before the world and
urged federal death row commutations in the United States. Later
that month, President Joe Biden commuted the sentences of 37 of the 40 people
on death row. No president in the history of the United States had ever taken
such an action.
For Pope Francis’ legacy to be fully realized, American
Catholics and all who admire the Pope’s courageous moral leadership must
continue to pursue human dignity.
Will we rise to this challenge by abolishing the death
penalty, and honoring the legacy of a Pope who believed in our capacity
for mercy?
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