The report,
issued by the Government Accountability Office, is the first national
governmental analysis of discipline policies since the Obama administration
issued guidance in 2014 that urged schools to examine the disproportionate
rates at which black students were being punished.
Critics of the Obama-era guidance have questioned whether
students of color suffer from unfair treatment under school discipline
policies. The G.A.O. found that not only have black students across the nation
continued to bear the brunt of such policies, but the effects were also felt
more widely than previously reported — including by black students in affluent
schools.
Additionally, the agency found that school suspensions began
to fall the year before the Obama administration urged schools to move away
from the overuse of such measures, undermining claims that the guidance forced
schools to cut suspensions. While the Obama administration’s aggressive civil
rights investigations did reveal that black students were subjected to harsher
treatment than their white peers for similar infractions, the G.A.O. found that
it did not impose any new mandates on districts to reduce their suspension
rates.
The findings are likely to bolster arguments for preserving
the 2014 guidance and undercut conservative claims that the guidance has
resulted in federal overreach and a decline in school safety.
Education Secretary Betsy DeVos hosted groups of educators
and advocates for and against the disciplinary guidance, the 12th set of round
tables the department has held in the past year — and the first Ms. DeVos
attended in person.
Nina Leuzzi, a prekindergarten teacher at a Boston charter
school, said she kept her word to her class of 20, predominantly minority
4-year-olds, in making her case to the secretary for why the guidance should
stay. When the children asked her why she was traveling to Washington, she told
them it was to keep them safe.
“Rescinding this would send the message that there is no
longer a concern about discrimination in our schools,” Ms. Leuzzi said.
Nicole Stewart, a former vice principal in San Diego, told
Ms. DeVos that pressures to reduce suspensions had made schools dangerous. She
said administrators did not expel a student with a knife at her school because
he had a disability. Weeks later, he slit a student’s throat, she said.
“It is no wonder that our kids don’t think that rules and
consequences apply to them,” Ms. Stewart said. “We are not modeling what
consequences look like in the real world.”
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